Ethical Issues Of Marketing Ethics - 1924 Words

Introduction According to Thomas Donaldson and Patricia Werhane, â€Å"Ethics can be defined as the study of whatever is right and good for humans.† Ethics are defined as rules of behavior, code of conduct, ability to distinguish between the good and the bad. In general, ethical marketing is a process through which an organization or a company sells its products and services by using the fair means of ethical principles there by creating a strong customer relationship resulting in an increased value of stakeholders. Therefore, marketing principles includes a fair and true level in marketing communications, respecting the privacy of its customers, obeying and following the government regulations in addition to the standards set by the marketers. The U.S.Constitution (Kennedy’s Consumer Bill of Rights 1962) provides protection for basic consumer rights as long as they meet five basic conditions: ïÆ'Ëœ Right to Safety ïÆ'Ëœ Right to be Informed ïÆ'Ëœ Right to Selection ïÆ'Ëœ Right to Confidentiality ïÆ'Ëœ Right to Privacy â€Å"Marketing ethics has been receiving increased research attention, particularly from the past 10 years.† Alen J. Dubinsky Barbara Loken. Ethical issues can be defined as a situation or problem in which a company or an individual has to decide what the right thing as per ethics is or what is wrong unethically. These issues can occur in any organization and are very common. The most debated one these days are the ethical issues of marketing. We will be discussing some of theShow MoreRelatedEthical Issues Of Marketing : Marketing Ethics871 Words   |  4 PagesEthical issues in Marketing - Marketing ethics deals with the moral principles behind the operation and regulation of marketing. Possible fundamental frameworks of analysis for marketing audit are: - Value-oriented framework, ethical problems on the basis of the values which they infringe honesty, autonomy, privacy, transparency. †¢ - Stakeholder-orientated framework, analyzing ethical problems on the basis of whom they affect: consumers, competitors, society as a whole †¢ - Process-orientated frameworkRead MoreProduct Quality1288 Words   |  6 PagesAn essay on: â€Å"Marketing and ethics are like oil and water – they just don’t mix. There is no place for ethics in the cut-throat world of marketing†. Discuss The success of a product is always determined by how well it’s marketed. In that case marketing has an important role in every product that we produce. But when ethics is associated with marketing, it can’t go on one direction. It is like oil and water which does not mix together. What is marketing? Marketing is a societal process byRead MoreEthics in International Environments Essays1348 Words   |  6 PagesEthics in International Environments Introduction Global marketing opportunities usually form the pillar under which viability and profitability of international marketing depend upon. This merged with globalization of market today makes international marketing practices a concern globally that calls for moral responsibility (ethics) in conducting business (Danley, 1983). Ethics in international marketing poses many dilemmas and this is because value judgments differ among different culturesRead MoreEthical Issues With Ethical Marketing Essay1333 Words   |  6 PagesIssues with Ethical Marketing Ethical problems in marketing starts with conflicts and disagreements. Each party in the marketing transaction brings expectations of how the business relationship will exist and how the transaction should be conducted. Some ethical problems in marketing research aren’t always the invasion of privacy and stereotyping. Selective marketing is used to discourage the demand from undesirable markets or just by disenfranchising them altogether. Examples of unethical marketRead MoreBook Report On Ethical Decision Making830 Words   |  4 Pages Ethics Hamed Alanazi Book Report Ethical decision-making 10th edition â€Æ' Ethics The book I chose is â€Å"Business ethics: Ethical decision-making† 10th edition is written by O. C. Ferrell, John Fraedrich, Ferrell. It was published by Cengage Learning in 2014. This book consists of almost 340 pages and five parts. According to Amazon this book is among top seller. Something extraordinary about this book is that, this book highlight several cases related to the business ethics that help the readerRead MoreThe Driving Force Behind A Company s Financial Success Essay1251 Words   |  6 Pagescompany’s ability to market itself. Marketing goes beyond selling of a product. It involves â€Å"building strong brands and a loyal customer base intangible asset that contributes to the value of a firm† (Kotler Keller, 2012). The American Marketing Association, defined marketing as â€Å"Marketing is an activity, set of institutions, and processes for creating, communicating, delivering, and exchanging offerings that have value for customers† (Kotler Keller, 2012). Since marketing plays such a vital role inRead MoreEthical Issues Of Marketing Field Of Australia1450 Words   |  6 PagesEthical Issues in Marketing Field of Australia Introduction: Ethics is the principle of differentiating between right and wrong. In business and marketing process, a number of ethical issues are involved that may have a positive or negative impact on the company. The term Ethical marketing is not only a marketing strategy but also a philosophy. It encourages a company representative to be honest, fair, and responsible in all advertising. It also includes communication skill, leadership skill, teamworkRead MoreEthics in Marketing Communication1082 Words   |  5 PagesEthical Challenges in Marketing Communication Ethics play an integral role in the development and sustenance of any personal or business relationship. Ethics determine the acceptable behaviors within a society and the overall behaviors of a business. Marketers must understand the impact ethics have on marketing communications and develop Integrated Marketing Communication (IMC) strategies accordingly. This paper will discuss various ethical challenges facing marketers today, identify internalRead MoreWhat are Marketing Ethics?1545 Words   |  7 PagesDefinition of Marketing Ethics Marketing Ethics are the basic principles and values that govern the business practices of those engaged in promoting products or services to consumers. These are a set of criterion by which moral principles are considered within the marketing profession and execution of an advertising campaign for a business and/or organization. Marketing Ethics in Global Marketing Practice In recent years, owing to the internationalization of markets, businesses and production processesRead MoreBusiness Ethics And The Ethical Issues1461 Words   |  6 PagesBusiness ethics and the ethical issues in marketing Moral principles that guide the way a business behaves are known as business ethics. However this term has a broader definition. As the word ethics can pose many definitions in a broad context and it can be challenging to find a common understanding of the term, hence, most companies denote the concept of the term ethics as responsible business conduct, business practices or integrity. Business ethics offers a tool for conducting business more effectively

Art History The Baroque Period - 724 Words

Art. Music, Science, Society The painting by Caravaggio that the paper will discuss is Medusa. He painted it in 1595 making this painting early Baroque. Baroque painting is characterized by serious drama, rich and deep colors. Baroque paintings also have intense lighting and contrast due to the very dark shadows. Baroque art typically captures the most action packed point. Baroque artists paint the most dramatic point of the stories they choose to tell or retell. Baroque art seeks to evoke human emotions, specifically passion and not the calm feelings sought by Renaissance art. Medusa was a Gorgon who was so hideous that she turned whomever looked directly at her into stone on the spot. Medusa was decapitated by Perseus who then used her head as a weapon. He ultimately gave Medusas head to Athena for her to mount onto her shield. Caravaggio chose to paint the moment after the decapitation is complete. Medusas final expression of horror is still on her face and even the snakes that are her hair are still mobile. Her eyes are wide open as is her mouth. The blood from her neck is in mid-movement as well. The light is cast on the right side of her face while the shadows across her left brow and left jaw are sharp. We cannot see the area near her hairline (or snakeline) nor can we see her left ear. Her skin tone and blood are very rich colors. The background is dark yet vivid and sets off the blood head sharply. Caravaggio does an amazing job of painting light tonesShow MoreRelatedMannerism and Baroque1152 Words   |  5 PagesMannerism and Baroque Western Governors University Literature, Arts and the Humanities: Analysis and Interpretation IWT1 May 8, 2013 Mannerism and Baroque If you study art history at any length, you will become aware of the many different periods and their individual characteristics. There are prime times throughout art history that the general populations can easily identify such as Renaissance or Impressionism. They might even be able to name a few of the artists or their artworkRead MoreEssay Baroque Art in Europe and North America1408 Words   |  6 Pages Baroque Art in Europe and North America nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Throughout this research paper the topic is going to be along the lines of the Baroque Art in Europe and North America, which comes from chapter nineteen of our Art History book. The main purpose is to review major ideas and principles in this chapter by writing an analysis of certain points that were highlighted. For example, certain techniques that were used to define the Baroque Art, major sculptures, architectures, andRead MoreHumanities Essay959 Words   |  4 PagesThe Renaissance and Baroque periods in European history played an important role in the development of humanities in their respectable age. 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During the nearly one hundred and fifty years that the Baroque period lasted the basic style did not changeRead MoreEssay on Renaisssanc e versus Baroque Periods967 Words   |  4 Pages The baroque and renaissance periods are two different periods. The renaissance period rolled into the baroque era. There were changes made over the years from the baroque to the renaissance period. Differences in style accumulated along with views of art and music. Baroque era covers the period between 1600 and 1750 beginning with Monte Verdi (birth of opera) and ended with deaths of Bach and Handel. The term baroque music is borrowed from the art history. It follows the Renaissance era (1400-1600)Read MoreAhist 1401: Unit 4 Written Assignment. In An Essay, Discuss880 Words   |  4 Pagesdiscuss the relationship between the arts and the growing body of scientific knowledge during this time. 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Tax Planning

Question: Discuss about theTax Planning. Answer: Introduction The following assignment presenting the case studies in relation to certain aspects of income tax under Australian Tax laws. Determination of residential status of individual, judgments of court on outcome on sale of land has been represented in the following solution. Case Study 1 Australian Government has defined the term residential status for the purpose of determination of tax liability of an assessee as per the Income Tax Assessment Act 1997/36 under section 6(1) and Taxation Ruling 98/ 17. However, the status of being resident of Australia as per Immigration and Border Protection Department is different from the definition as per taxation department (Zelinsky, 2016). The determination of tax residency is done by the primary test known as resides test. As per this test if an individual resides in the country, Australia he/ she is considered an Australian Resident for the purpose of tax liability (Arendse, Stark Renaud, 2015). In this situation, the judgement of the Levene v IRC [1928] AC 217 case is taken into account as well as the assessee is not required to form any other residency test. However, if the individual fails to satisfy the residency test then the he/ she is required to take three secondary tests and is required to satisfy any one of them. These tests are Domicile test, 183 days test, superannuation test (Cooper, 2016). Under the first test, Domicile test, an individual is regarded as an ordinary resident of Australia if his/ her permanent home is in Australia unless the department of taxation office is satisfied that the place of residence is outside Australia (Barkoczy, 2016). As per the argument of the verdict of the Federal Commissioner of Taxation v Applegate case the individual is required to continue his residence in Australian territory. In order to examine the intention and location of the individual with regards to permanent residence according to the argument of Taxation Ruling IT 2650 factors that are included by Tax Commissioner are: The degree of deviation between the expected and actual period of stay from outside Australia. The intention of the individual to settle in foreign territory. An activity that involves the establishment of the residence abroad. The time- period and frequency of stay on foreign land, the purpose of the trips from outside Australia. In the second test, 183 days test, an individual is regarded as an ordinary resident of Australia if he/ she reside in the country for more than half of the income or financial year whether or not continuously (Palan Mangraviti, 2016). This test is considered until the taxation government is satisfied the permanent place of residence Lastly, in the third test, Superannuation test, employees of Government of Australia working offshore under Public Sector Superannuation Scheme and Commonwealth Superannuation Scheme are considered Australian resident (Zelinsky, 2016). In the given case, Kit has been a permanent resident of Australia and kept his Chilean citizenship where he was born while most of the years he spent working off the Indonesian Coast for a United States organization. Kit also owned a permanent residential property acquired three years back from the current year as well as owned a joint bank account along with his wife who lived in Australian territory for last four years with their two children. Salary income of Kit is directly credited to his Australian bank account while all other family investments and dividend income from shares remains in Chile. During the month off from work, Kit spends time with his family either in Australia or in Chile. On examining, the above factors and the fact of the case provided in the assignment it can be recognized that the residential status of Kit can be determined by the Domicile test. This is because Kit has to move out of the Australian territory for work purpose but at the same time, he has a permanent residence in Australia and has no intention to settle outside the country. According to the first significant condition of the Domicile test, Kit is a permanent resident of Australia and has Australian Domicile. Additionally, from the other information and facts given about having joint bank accounts in Australia where his salary is credited, having wife and children residing there it can be concluded that Kit has no intention to settle down outside Australia. Therefore, it can be said that Kit has satisfied the primary conditions of Domicile test as per ITAA 1997/ 36 and hence Kit is said to be an ordinary tax resident of Australia under section 6(5) (Palan Mangraviti, 2016). Moreover, the treatment of Kits salary income and other income from foreign land and family investments will be done according to the tax provisions of Income Tax Assessment Act 1997/ 36. Since, Kit is an ordinary resident of Australia therefore all his domestic and foreign income will be taxable as per the rules of the Australian Tax Office. Apparently, his salary income from the United States organization and income on family investments and dividend income on shares from Chile shall be taxable as per the rules of ITAA 97/36 (Eryilmaz Sergici, 2016). Case Study 2 In the following case studies the respective outcome reached by the court in context to the judgment on sales of land: 1.Californian Copper Syndicate Ltd v Harris (Surveyor of Taxes) (1904) 5 TC 159 The fact of the case is about the acquisition of 480 acres of land for mining copper that was later sold to another copper company, Fresno in consideration of fully paid shares. The contention of the Californian Copper Syndicate is the income earned from the transaction should be capital income and would not be taxed because the purpose of land is for mining copper the main product of the company. Whereas, on considering the facts of the case it observed that the company has entered into the sales transaction in order to earn profit therefore, it can be concluded that the income earned by the company from the sales of land is recognized as an ordinary/ revenue income and not capital income (Rosenberg Schuldenfrei, 2015). Hence, the same would be liable for tax payment on the profit incurred. 2. Scottish Australian Mining Co Ltd v FC of T (1950) 81 CLR 188- In 1942 In this cited case, the intention of acquiring the land by the company is mining of coal whereas over the period the Scottish Australian Mining company decided to sell off the land for the purpose of business activity or for residential purpose. For this reason, the management has bifurcated the plot of land and sold at the premium rate. According to the decision made by court it has been stated that the land cannot be used for the purpose other than the main objective it was acquired for. Accordingly, as the main objective of the land was coal mining and not for any other business purpose and hence, any income generated on the sale of lane would be treated as ordinary income and not capital income. Therefore, the same shall be taxable in the books of Scottish Australian Mining Company (Chirelstein Zelenak, 2015). 3. FC of T v Whitfords Beach Pty Ltd (1982) 150 CLR In this case, Whitfords Ltd had acquired to secure for its original shareholders for accessing shacks instead of generating profit on sale of land or by any other business activity. Apparently, three companies and Whitfords Limited had entered into the transaction on sale of land generating profit more than it was intended to. This income may be regarded as an assessable income in terms of ITAA 1997/36 as decided by the courts because the transaction entered by the company in context to ordinary usage and did not use the land for its main business activity. Hence, the income from the sale of land cannot be regarded as a capital income under Income Tax rules of Australia (Graetz McDowell, 2015). 4. Statham Anor v FC of T 89 ATC 4070 The given case is about the sale of farm land owned by a farmer who was traditionally involved in farming. Over the period the owner decided and sold off a portion of the land to earn income and not to carry any business activity on such land. Therefore, as decided by the court verdict the said income from the sale of land would be considered as a capital income because the income realized from the land is a capital asset under the meaning of capital asset given by ITAA 1936 (Parker Thurman, 2016). 5. Casimaty v FC of T 97 ATC 5135 The cited case is about Casimaty, a farmer had acquired a farming land as a gift from his father and further he acquired an adjoining land in order to erect homestead and for performing farming and fences business with no intention to sell it off. However, in later years due to hardships of bad health, debts, drought Casimaty had to sell the parts of the property around two- third of the land. According to the courts verdict, the income on sale of this land considered to be a capital income instead of assessable income for tax under section 25(1) or 25A because the intention of owner was not to generate income from profit making undertaking but a realization on sale of capital asset (Hopkins, 2015). 6. Moana Sand Pty Ltd v FC of T 88 ATC 4897 The fact of the given case is the intention of Moana Sand Pty Limited was to extract sand from its land property. But in later years, the land became insufficient for the sand extraction quantity and the same was divided into sub parts by the owner and eventually sold off. As the purpose of the taxpayer in this case was to generate profit from the sale of property the income earned was decided by the court to assessable under section 25(1) of the Income Tax Assessment Act 1936 instead of treating it as a capital income (Shay, 2015). 7. Crow v FC of T 88 ATC 4620 The given case stated the intention of purchasing the land by owner is to farming which the farmer acquired from the borrowed fund. Over the period, the farmer divided the land property into fifty one subparts that were sold by the farmer in different intervals at high rates. This activity was observed to be repetitive in nature with the intention in profit making business activities. Therefore, as per the provisions and decision by the court the realized income from sale of land cannot be claimed as a capital income but is to be assessed as assessable income according to ITAA 1936 (Hong, Yi Tiantian, 2016). 8. McCurry Anor v FC of T 98 ATC 4487 In this case, an individual purchased an old house for the purpose of investment that was renovated by him and turned into three townhouses with an intention to sell the house property. But due to the market structure, he was not able to sell this townhouse and hence, he started using the townhouse for his own living. After using the property for a year he sold all three townhouses at a very high rate. Apparently, on considering all the factors Federal government decided that the intention of the owner is to make an investment to earn a profit that is a business activity. Hence, the income received by selling the townhouse would be considered as ordinary income and would be taxed under Australian law under section 25(1) instead of considering the same as a capital income (Chirelstein Zelenak, 2015). Reference List: Arendse, J., Stark, K., Renaud, C. (2015). The Cohen and Kuttel stories: Is the place where I hang my hat still relevant to determine my residence for tax purposes?.Southern African Business Review,19(1), 1-24. Barkoczy, S. (2016). Foundations of Taxation Law 2016.OUP Catalogue Chirelstein, M., Zelenak, L. (2015).Federal Income Taxation, 13th (Concepts and Insights Series). West Academic. Cooper, G. S. (2016). Tax Treaty Policy of Developing Countries Post-BEPS.Singapore Management University School of Accountancy Research Paper, (2016-S), 45. Eryilmaz, D., Sergici, S. (2016). Integration of residential PV and its implications for current and future residential electricity demand in the United States.The Electricity Journal,29(1), 41-52. Graetz, M. J., McDowell, B. (2015). Tax Reform 1985: The Quest for a Fairer, More Efficient and Simpler Income Tax.Yale Law Policy Review,3(1), 3. Hong, Z., Yi, Z., Tiantian, C. (2016). Land remise income and remise price during Chinas transitional period from the perspective of fiscal decentralization and economic assessment.Land Use Policy,50, 293-300 Hopkins, B. R. (2015).The law of tax-exempt organizations. John Wiley Sons Palan, R., Mangraviti, G. (2016). 21. Troubling tax havens: multi-jurisdictional arbitrage and corporate tax footprint reduction.Handbook on Wealth and the Super-Rich, 422. Parker, D. P., Thurman, W. N. (2016). Tax Incentives and the Price of Conservation Rosenberg, D. L., Schuldenfrei, A. F. (2015). Gross Income Omissions and the 6 Year Tax Assessment Period: Seemingly Straightforward, the Extended Statute of Limitation Can Be Fraught with Complications.Journal of Accountancy,219(2), 54. Shay, S. E. (2015). Formulary Apportionment in the US International Income Tax System: Putting Lipstick on a Pig Zelinsky, E. A. (2016). Defining Residence for Income Tax Purposes: Domicile as Gap-Filler, Citizenship as Proxy and Gap-Filler.Michigan Journal of International Law,37.